[Reasonable]

Олег1099, я вам нашла подборку по стафу. Пока точно не известно что именно он делает. Но красным выделено что вроде бы всё-таки эксплуатирует автофагию в своих целях. А также что интерферон-гамма (тем что и геп С лечат) помогает макрофагам с ним справиться. У разных разновидностей стафа целый набор токсинов, с помощью которых он убивает клетки, которые заражает, а в макрофагах распространяется.

http://jb.oxfordjournals.org/content/140/2/161.abstract

The present review focuses on the protective function of autophagy against bacterial invasion of cells.

We also found that autophagic degradation was induced against Staphylococcus aureus, while methicillin-resistant S. aureus were resistant to autophagic degradation.

Autophagy in Innate Immunity against Intracellular Bacteria

http://140.116.203.51/tlcenter/%E6%8...20071219/2.pdf

Interestingly, among the various strains of S. aureus,
some strains including MRSA strains have revealed a
marked resistance to autophagic elimination, as they
were trapped by autophagosomes, but thereafter escaped
from the vacuoles to cytoplasm (44). It is now unclear how
those strains evade autophagosomes,

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:...l.pone.0001409

A Potential New Pathway for Staphylococcus aureus Dissemination: The Silent Survival of S. aureus Phagocytosed by Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages - 2007

Internalized bacteria reside in endosomal vacuoles or are diverted from the endosomal pathway to autophagosomes depending on the cell type invaded and/or the S. aureus strain [27]. Subsequently, S. aureus escapes into the cytoplasm where it eventually kills the host cell through the induction of apoptosis

Professional phagocytes such as neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells are designed to actively engulf microbes and kill them. Only a few types of microbial pathogen can survive phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages and they do so by using a several distinct mechanisms to avoid destruction in phagolysosomes [34], [35]. Surprisingly, S. aureus also appears to be resistant to bactericidal attack inside the phagocytic vacuoles of neutrophils which can contain viable intracellular bacteria when isolated from sites of infection [36]–[38]. Recent in vitro studies confirmed the high level of resistance of S. aureus to killing by neutrophils [39]. Furthermore neutrophils can create an environment in vivo that promotes intracellular growth of S. aureus and contributes to dissemination during infection [40].

Our findings suggest that the ability of S. aureus to survive phagocytosis by human macrophages may contribute to dissemination of the infection and may be detrimental to the host.

Priming macrophages with interferon-γ helps the cells eradicate intracellular S. aureus

Interferon-γ (IFNγ) plays an essential role in stimulating cells to eliminate intracellular pathogens

These results demonstrate that as in the case of other intracellular pathogens [57], the infection of hMDMs by S. aureus can be resolved if macrophages are primed with IFNγ.

S. aureus can survive intracellular killing inside vesicular compartments.

The intracellular survival of S. aureus in neutrophils, as well as in non-professional phagocytes, depends on multiple virulence factors, including global regulators of gene expression

these data suggest that by escaping phagolysosomal killing, S. aureus may be able to manipulate macrophages differentially compared to the other cell types in which it triggers apoptosis.

we know little about how S. aureus can survive phagocytosis

In summary, it is evident that the mechanism for survival of S. aureus inside macrophages differs considerably from its interactions with other cells types.

Alpha-hemolysin is required for the activation of the autophagic pathway in Staphylococcus aureus-infected cells - 2010

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that causes serious infectious diseases eventually leading to septic and toxic shock. Classically S. aureus has been considered an extracellular pathogen, but cumulative evidence indicates that it invades cells and replicates intracellularly leading to staphylococcal persistence and chronic disease. It has been previously shown that this pathogen ... subverts the autophagy pathway. One of the key features of S. aureus infection is the production of a series of virulence factors, including secreted enzymes and toxins.... the toxin-secreting pathogen prevented the maturation of autophagosomes.

Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the toxin-dependent activation of autophagy... suggests the involvement of a non-canonical autophagy pathway.

http://immih.uk-koeln.de/forschung/ag-krut

Interaction of Staphylococcus aureus with professional and nonprofessional phagocytes

S. aureus inhibits autophagosome maturation and fusion with lysosomes. Eventually, S. aureus escape from autophagosomes into the cytoplasm, which results in caspase-independent host cell death.

Autophagy induction by rapamycin restored both, replication and cytotoxicity of agr-deficient S. aureus strains, indicating that one or several agr-regulated virulence factor(s) are required for autophagy-mediated cytotoxicity.

our data indicate that autophagy is essentially required for the intracellular survival and cytotoxicity of S. aureus.

А это хороший обзор про автофагию: Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?